Prebiotics, not to be confused with probiotics, are a type of fiber that feed your good gut bacteria and help increase your gut bacterial diversity.* Just like us, the bacteria in the gut need fuel in order to survive, and their preferred source is prebiotic fiber.
Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that ferment in the colon. When the probiotic bacteria in your gut consume these fibers, they then produce unique nutritional metabolites like short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial to overall health.* Prebiotics also help with mineral and nutrient absorption and maintaining a healthy balance in the gut.*
It is important to note that all prebiotics are fiber, but not all fibrous foods are prebiotic. Fiber has other benefits in the gut, but prebiotic fiber specifically shows benefits relating to your gut bacteria.* Without prebiotic fiber, the bacteria in the gut cannot thrive—and over time, less bacterial diversity can lead to other unwanted impacts (like increased bloating and gas).*
Some foods that contain prebiotics include:
Agave
Chicory root
Flax seed
Garlic
Jerusalem artichoke
Legumes (beans, chickpeas, lentils, soybeans)
Nuts such as cashews and pistachios
Onions, leeks, shallots, scallions
Wheat products, such as cereal
Fennel
Asparagus
How to strategically incorporate more prebiotic foods.
Because these fibers are highly fermentable, initially adding more prebiotic foods into your diet may temporarily contribute to gas or bloating—which can be a deterrent for some people. However, instead of completely avoiding these super beneficial foods, there are some strategic ways to incorporate them.
Just like you wouldn’t go to the gym after six months off and aim for a personal record, the same applies to prebiotics. Low and slow is the motto.
Based on my experience as a dietitian, here are some go-to ways to include prebiotics, without the unwanted effects:
Start slow. Take asparagus for example. Instead of filling your entire plate with asparagus, try one to two asparagus in addition to your full meal to allow your gut to adjust to this food. If you tolerate it, next time, add three to four, etc.
Consume one new thing at a time. If you have trouble digesting prebiotic or higher fiber foods, try one new thing at a time to allow your system to adjust.
Try roasting, steaming and cooking the prebiotic vegetables. Well cooked is always way easier to digest than raw.
Try fermented forms of wheat. Instead of including a slide of whole grain bread, include a slice of sprouted or sourdough which is typically much easier to digest.
Try resistant starch first. Resistant starch occurs when you cook and cool starchy foods like potatoes and rice. Cook your potatoes, cool them to room temperature and then consume them. You can even reheat them while still maintaining the benefits. Resistant starch, although not an actual prebiotic, acts like a prebiotic and is typically more tolerable.
Include polyphenol-rich foods. Try cranberries, pomegranates, blueberries, cocoa, cloves, and green tea. Similar to resistant starch, although polyphenols are not technically considered a prebiotic, they have similar benefits in the gut.*
It’s so beneficial to your gut and overall health to make prebiotics a consistent part of your diet.* Just remember to take things slow, and allow your digestive system to adjust when you first add more to your lifestyle. If you follow these simple strategies, the transition should be relatively seamless, and you’ll be well on your way to better gut health.*
